Executive Summary of Purnia District (Bihar)!
Background:
The Ministry of Minority Affairs (GOI) has identified 90 minority concentrated backward districts using eight indicators of socio-economic development and amenities based on the 2001 Census data. The aim was to improve all these indicators and bring it to the all India level through a Multi-Sector Development Plan (MSDP) under the Eleventh Five Year Plan. Since, it is expected that there would be changes in those indicators after 2001; a baseline survey has been conducted to study the multi-sectoral development plan with the latest deficitsand priorities.
District profile (2001 Census based)
According to the 2001 Census, the total population of Purnia district is 25.40 lakhs, 23 lakhs are rural and about 2 lakhs are urban. Against the state literacy rate of 47.53 percent (male 60.32 per cent & female 33.57 per cent), the overall literacy rate in Purnia is 35.51 per cent (male 46.16 per cent and female merely 23.72 per cent), which is lower than the state average.
The district has a substantial minority (Muslim) population, most of whom are either cultivators or agricultural labourers. The literacy rate of the Muslim population in the district is 25.9 per cent, which is further lower in the case of the female population (15.6 percent only).The overall work participation rate of the district is 38.89 per cent, which is comparatively higher than the state average of 34.7 per cent. The distribution of workers in occupation indicates that agriculture dominates the labour force and around 66.3 per cent of them are agricultural labourers, which is higher than the state average of 51 per cent.
Ii Survey findings: Socio-economic Conditions and other Amenities in 2008 In Purnia district, a survey was conducted in 2008. It has been found that the district lags behind the all India figures in 7 out of 8 indicators, and also lags behind the all India level in terms of two health related indicators. The table below shows the gap between the all India and district figures vis-à-vis ten indicators and prioritises the development interventions vis-à-vis eight indicators. The two health-related indicators are not part of the development priority rankings, as the Ministry of Minority Affairs has identified
Minority Concentration Districts (MCD) only on the basis of eight indicators. However, these are important indicators of human development and, therefore, ought to form part of the multi-sector development plan of the district. The district figures are based on the survey findings (2008), and the all India figures pertain to 2004-05 and 2005-06. The difference with the all India figures may be lower here, as the all India data are a little dated, and must have improved since then.
Electricity
Against the all India figure of 67.97 per cent of the households having electricity connections, only 6.63 per cent of the rural households in Purnia have access to the same. While 10.02 per cent of the Hindu houses are electrified, only 5.03 per cent of the Muslim houses are electrified. There is a “Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran” programme sponsored by the Centre that aims at 100 per cent electrification of all rural households by 2009. However, the implementation in the district appears to be tardy and it is unlikely that the district will achieve the universalisation target within the stipulated period
Pucca House:
Pucca house is another important gap in the district. Against 59.40 per cent of thehouseholds having pucca houses at the all India level, only 13.42 percent of the rural households in the district are living in pucca houses. A large proportion of the Hindu and Muslim households, around 82 per cent of them, live in thatched and katcha houses. This shows that the allocation under the IAY that provides such houses to the BPL families is quite inadequate to meet the gap in the district. The multi-sector development plan may give priority to the construction of houses under the IAY.
Pucca house is another important gap in the district. Against 59.40 per cent of thehouseholds having pucca houses at the all India level, only 13.42 percent of the rural households in the district are living in pucca houses. A large proportion of the Hindu and Muslim households, around 82 per cent of them, live in thatched and katcha houses. This shows that the allocation under the IAY that provides such houses to the BPL families is quite inadequate to meet the gap in the district. The multi-sector development plan may give priority to the construction of houses under the IAY.
In-house Toilet Facilities:
Against the all India average of 39.20 per cent of households having in-house watercloset
toilets, only 3.11 per cent of the rural households in Purnia have the same. A majority of the households, 93.7 per cent and 98.4 per cent of the Hindu and Muslim households respectively, are using open spaces as toilets.The total sanitation campaign (TSC) is committed to eliminating open defecation, by providing in-house toilet facilities to all rural households by 2012. However, the progress in the district is disappointing and it is unlikely that the target will be achieved within the
stipulated time period. The Multi-Sector Development Plan may enhance this facility by giving it priority. This is all the more important in Purnia, as the district is flood-prone and open defecation leads to various infections and diseases, particularly during floods.
Literacy Rate:
The literacy rate in general and the female literacy in particular, is as low as 44.15 percent and 33.93 percent respectively in comparison to the all India figure of 67.30 percent and 57.10 per cent. Hence, improving overall literacy rate with emphasis on female literacy is another important priority. A topping-up approach under the Multi-Sectoral Development Plan can be adopted here. There is also an urgency to ensure 100 percent enrolment ratio and minimise the drop-out rate.
Against the all India average of 39.20 per cent of households having in-house watercloset
toilets, only 3.11 per cent of the rural households in Purnia have the same. A majority of the households, 93.7 per cent and 98.4 per cent of the Hindu and Muslim households respectively, are using open spaces as toilets.The total sanitation campaign (TSC) is committed to eliminating open defecation, by providing in-house toilet facilities to all rural households by 2012. However, the progress in the district is disappointing and it is unlikely that the target will be achieved within the
stipulated time period. The Multi-Sector Development Plan may enhance this facility by giving it priority. This is all the more important in Purnia, as the district is flood-prone and open defecation leads to various infections and diseases, particularly during floods.
Literacy Rate:
The literacy rate in general and the female literacy in particular, is as low as 44.15 percent and 33.93 percent respectively in comparison to the all India figure of 67.30 percent and 57.10 per cent. Hence, improving overall literacy rate with emphasis on female literacy is another important priority. A topping-up approach under the Multi-Sectoral Development Plan can be adopted here. There is also an urgency to ensure 100 percent enrolment ratio and minimise the drop-out rate.
Employment Opportunity:
The work participation rate of the sample households is around 53.8 per cent for the Hindus and 51.1 per cent for Muslims. Gender differentials are noticeable in both the communities, which is 25.98 per cent for the Hindu females and 14.07 per cent for the Muslim females.
The increasing overall work participation rate, particularly of the female population, is another priority. Purnia is famous for the production of jute/bamboo. Recently production of maize and banana has also increased substantially. Jute and bamboo based handicrafts/ small industries, and maize/ banana based food-processing industries can also be developed through the formation of Self Help Groups (SHGs), and by providing loans and training at individual level as well.
The work participation rate of the sample households is around 53.8 per cent for the Hindus and 51.1 per cent for Muslims. Gender differentials are noticeable in both the communities, which is 25.98 per cent for the Hindu females and 14.07 per cent for the Muslim females.
The increasing overall work participation rate, particularly of the female population, is another priority. Purnia is famous for the production of jute/bamboo. Recently production of maize and banana has also increased substantially. Jute and bamboo based handicrafts/ small industries, and maize/ banana based food-processing industries can also be developed through the formation of Self Help Groups (SHGs), and by providing loans and training at individual level as well.
Health:
Health deprivation is a matter of concern as there is a lack of proper medical facilities. Only 24.39 per cent of the children are fully vaccinated against the all India average of 43.50 per cent. Moreover, only 10.83 per cent of the deliveries are institutional, as against the all India average of 38.70 percent.
Health deprivation is a matter of concern as there is a lack of proper medical facilities. Only 24.39 per cent of the children are fully vaccinated against the all India average of 43.50 per cent. Moreover, only 10.83 per cent of the deliveries are institutional, as against the all India average of 38.70 percent.
1. Indebtedness in the district is around 56 per cent. The incidence of indebtedness is more among Muslim households than Hindu households; 47.9 per cent of the Hindu households and 59.6 per cent of the Muslim households are indebted.
2. The infrastructural gap in the villages, particularly all weather pucca roads,schools, PHCs, also need selective intervention in the district.
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